|
Art Deco
Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1910 until 1940, affecting the decorative arts such as architecture, interior design, and industrial design, as well as the visual arts such as fashion, painting, the graphic arts, and film. Its popularity peaked in Europe during the Roaring Twenties and continued strongly in the United States through the 1930s and into the 1940s. At the time, this style was seen as elegant, functional, and modern.
Art Deco structure is based on mathematical geometric shapes. Unlike the sinuous natural curves of the Art Nouveau period which preceded it, Art Deco features sweeping curves, stepped forms, chevron patterns, and sunburst motifs. It was widely considered to be an eclectic form of elegant and stylish modernism, influenced by a variety of sources, including the so-called “primitive” arts of Africa, Ancient Egypt, and Aztec Mexico, as well as machine-age or streamline technology such as modern aviation, electric lighting, the radio, the ocean liner and the skyscraper. These design influences were expressed in fractionated, crystalline, faceted forms, as well as trapezoidal, zigzagged, geometric, and jumbled shapes. Art Deco is characterized by the use of materials such as aluminium, stainless steel, chrome, lacquer, inlaid wood, and bakelite.
Speaking of bakelite, did you know that Leo Hendrik Baekeland, a Belgian chemist, invented bakelite? (He also invented Velox photographic paper in 1893, ultimately selling his Velox patent to George Eastman, president of Kodak, for $1 million.) Emigrating to America in 1889, Baekeland applied for his bakelite patent on July 13, 1907, and it became patent number 942699 on December 7, 1909. Bakelite was the first true synthetic plastic, making it inexpensive, nonflammable, and very versatile. It immediately took America by storm because not only could it hold its shape after being heated, it also had great insulation and heat-resistant properties. Bakelite quickly became the darling of the Art Deco period and soon was being used to produce everything from radios to telephones to electrical insulators to household appliances to jewelry.
Art Deco was an opulent style, and its lavishness is attributed to reaction to the forced austerity imposed by World War I. Its rich, festive character fitted it for “modern” contexts, including the Golden Gate Bridge, interiors of cinema theaters, and ocean liners. Art Deco was employed extensively throughout America’s train stations in the 1930s, designed to reflect the modernity and efficiency of the train.
Eventually, the Art Deco style was cut short by the austerities of World War II, but in colonial countries such as India and the Philippines, it became a gateway for Modernism and continued to be used well into the 1960s.
|
|